Interpol, United Nations University, y WEE Forum entre otros, han realizado el mapa de flujos de RAEE en la UE en 2012 dentro del proyecto Countering WEEE Ilegal Trade www.cwitproject.eu . El objetivo de este trabajo financiado por la Comisión Europea ha sido detectar y cuantificar los flujos ilegales de RAEE, y realizar recomendaciones específicas para todos los grupos de interés.
Algunos de los datos destacados que muestra el estudio son que sólo el 35% de los RAEE generados en 2012 en la UE recibió un tratamiento legal. Esto supone 3,3 millones de toneladas de un total de 9,5 millones. El 65% restante fue exportado (1,5 millones de toneladas), reciclado de forma no adecuada dentro de la UE (3,15 millones de toneladas), canibalizados los componentes valiosos (750.000 toneladas), o depositados junto con los residuos domésticos (750.000 toneladas).
El estudio señala las debilidades en la cadena de gestión de los RAEE (recogida, transporte y tratamiento) y las ilegalidades (tratamiento inapropiado, incumplimiento de la normativa de traslado de residuos, robos, falta de autorización de las instalaciones de tratamiento, canibalización de los RAEE, y falsedad en los documentación de gestión). Para corregirlo destacamos algunas de las recomendaciones:
· El tratamiento obligatorio de los RAEE según normas, y que dichas normas se apoyen en un sistema de certificación. El envío de información a la Comisión Europea sobre los resultados de los tratamientos y de la descontaminación.
· Sensibilizar a los usuarios sobre las condiciones de entrega de los RAEE
· Formar a jueces y fiscales en estas cuestiones
· La total aplicación de la Directiva RAEE de forma armonizada en la UE
· Dedicar un mayor esfuerzo a inspecciones
El estudio está disponible en: http://www.cwitproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/CWIT-Final-Summary1.pdf
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